The modifications of chitta are five fold, which may be klista or aklista, harmful or beneficial, cognizable or non-cognizable.

The modifications are:
.................................................................

Yoga Sutra 6.

PRAMANA, VIPARYAYA, VIKALPA, NIDRA and SMRITAYAHA
Comprehension or correct knowledge, misapprehension or incorrect knowledge, imagination, sleep and memory.



Pramanam is correct comprehension based on direct perception; inference and reference to authorities and documents.

Viparyaya is misapprehension or mal-comprehension or incorrect cognition.

Vikalpam is imagination in the absence of an object or natural phenomena.

Nidra is the temporary suspension of awareness and of mental modifications resulting in darkness and ignorance and is called dreamless sleep.

Smrity is memory.

What is Pramana?
.................................................................

Yoga Sutra 7.

PRATYAKSA ANUMANAGAMA PRAMANANI



The word Pramana derives from the root Prama, which means uncontradicted knowledge about an object presented to the mind.

The way of getting correct knowledge is Pramana. This is one of the major activities of the mind. Direct perception, inference and reference to testimony are the usual process involved in pramana.

Mind is the repertory of information collected through the sense organs from the external world. It also processes the information that is coming in; it compares with previous data, discriminate and determines the good and bad or right and wrong of it and synthesizes knowledge.

The synthesized knowledge is further modified into concepts and presented before the individuated self who owns all actions and its fruits. The individuated self identifies with the results, either enjoys or suffer. It is a continuous process that happens in the consciousness which is motivated by the pressure of knowing the nature around.

This pressure of knowing comes out of the longing for happiness, which is inherent in knowledge. This is a major modification of the mind continuously active, except when a person is either in dream less sleep or in a state of integration.

The next fluctuation of consciousness is Viparyaya, which means wrong cognition, misapprehension, or misunderstanding or false knowledge.

That modification of the mind which creates ideations based on words having no substantiating natural phenomena or objects at its base is called imagination or Vikalpam.